Sains Malaysiana 53(7)(2024): 1605-1616

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-10

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Relatedness of Local Banana (Musa spp.) Cultivars in Malaysia using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers

(Penilaian Kepelbagaian Genetik dan Perkaitan Kultivar Pisang Tempatan (Musa spp.) di Malaysia menggunakan Penanda Ulangan Jujukan Ringkas (SSR))

AMER IZZAT SAMSUDIN*, SHARMILAH VETARYAN, HOOI WEI YENG & LEE YANG PING

Precision Agriculture and Genomics Department, FGV Innovation Centre, FGV R&D Sdn Bhd, 71760 Bandar Enstek, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Received: 26 January 2024/Accepted: 27 May 2024

Abstract

Banana (Musa spp.) is an economically important crop widely consumed all over the world. Understanding the genetic diversity and relatedness between various banana cultivars is important to continuously improve its fruit characteristics, nutritional value, and disease resistance. This study aimed to develop a DNA fingerprinting panel using polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for the genetic characterisation of 11 banana cultivars in Malaysia. A total of 10 polymorphic SSR markers were developed into a multiplex PCR reaction and capillary electrophoresis to uniquely profile our collection of banana cultivars. The developed fingerprinting panel successfully amplified a total of 95 alleles, with 6 to 13 alleles per SSR marker. The average SSR marker polymorphic information content (PIC) value is 0.812, indicating the informativeness of the panel. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) shows that 97% of the molecular variance from our banana collection is due to inter-variety genetic diversity, while the remaining 3% is due to intra-variety genetic diversity. A population structure analysis groups our collection of banana varieties according to the presence of at least one M. balbisiana (B) genome in their genetic makeup. The Cavendish variety, however, showed a distinct structure compared to the other cultivars. This SSR fingerprinting panel provides valuable insights into the genetic diversity and relatedness between banana cultivars in Malaysia. It has the potential to assist future banana breeding initiatives and serve as an effective quality control measure for verifying varieties in a tissue culture facility involved in banana planting materials production.

Keywords: Banana cultivars; DNA fingerprinting; genetic characterisation; polymorphic SSR markers

Abstrak

Pisang (Musa spp.) adalah tanaman ekonomi yang penting dan banyak dimakan di seluruh dunia. Memahami kepelbagaian genetik dan hubung kait antara kultivar pisang adalah penting bagi terus menambahbaik ciri buahnya, nilai nutrisinya dan ketahanannya terhadap penyakit. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan satu panel pencapjarian DNA menggunakan penanda ulangan jujukan ringkas (SSR) untuk pencirian genetik 11 kultivar pisang di Malaysia. Sejumlah 10 penanda SSR yang polimorfisme dibangunkan dalam tindak balas PCR multipleks yang dipadankan dengan elektroforesis kapilari bagi menentukan profil kumpulan kultivar pisang kami. Panel pencapjarian DNA yang dibangunkan ini berjaya mengamplifikasi secara keseluruhannya 95 alel, dengan jumlah 6 hingga 13 alel bagi setiap penanda SSR. Nilai purata kandungan maklumat polimorfik (PIC) bagi penanda SSR adalah 0.812, menunjukkan kebergunaan maklumat panel tersebut. Analisis variasi molekul (AMOVA) menunjukkan bahawa 97% variasi molekul daripada koleksi pisang kami adalah disebabkan oleh kepelbagaian genetik antara varieti, manakala baki 3% lagi adalah disebabkan oleh kepelbagaian genetik dalam varieti. Analisis struktur populasi mengumpulkan koleksi varieti pisang kami berdasarkan kehadiran sekurang-kurangnya satu genom M. balbisiana (B) dalam kandungan genetik mereka. Varieti Cavendish pada masa yang sama menunjukkan struktur yang berbeza apabila dibandingkan dengan kultivar lain. Panel pencapjarian SSR ini memberikan maklumat berharga tentang kepelbagaian genetik dan hubung kait antara kultivar pisang di Malaysia. Selain itu, panel ini berpotensi digunakan untuk membantu program biak baka pisang. Ia juga boleh digunakan sebagai salah satu alat kawalan kualiti untuk pengesahan varieti di fasiliti kultur tisu yang terlibat dalam pengeluaran bahan tanaman pisang.

Kata kunci: Kepelbagaian genetik; kultivar pisang; penanda SSR polimorfisme; pencapjarian DNA

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*Corresponding author; email: amer.iz@fgvholdings.com